Glycerophosphoserines (GP03)
From LipidomicsWiki
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Basics
Phosphatidylserine is known chemically as 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol-(3)-L-phosphoserine. It is abbreviated as Ptd Ser, Acyl2 Gro PSer and PS. Phosphatidylserine was first isolated from brain lipids called cephalins.
Structure
LIPID MAPS Glycerophospholipid classes and subclasses
Phosphatidylserine is made up of a glycerophosphate skeleton linked to two fatty acid molecules and the amino acid L-serine. It is an amphiphilic molecule because it is made up of the lipophilic fatty acid tails on one side and the hydrophilic head group containing phosphate and serine on the other side of the molecule.
Location
Phosphatidylserine is located in the internal layers of biologic membranes, facing the cytoplasm with its polar head group. In animal tissues, phosphatidylserine is formed from phosphatidylethanolamine by exchange of the ethanolamine head for L-serine.
Natural sources
Nomenclature
Glycerophospholipids and subclasses
Synthesis
PS is formed by the condensation of serine with a phosphatidic acid (PA) moiety, where in mammalian cells phosphatidylcholine or phosphatidylethanolamine serve as the phosphatidyl donors catalyzed by PS-Synthases (PSS I/II) (Fig. 25). Nascent PS is subsequently decarboxylated to form PE, and this reaction is catalyzed by PS-Decarboxylase (PSD). This pathway is found in mammalian cells but there are some tight restrictions on specific elements of the pathway. The methylation of PE only occurs quantitatively significant in the liver.