Sphingolipids and cell migration and adhesion

From LipidomicsWiki

Cell migration and adhesion are processes involved in angiogenesis. Platelets have been found to contribute to angiogenesis through the release of angiogenesis stimulating or inhibiting factors. S1P is abundantly stored in platelets released upon activation and has been shown to mediate platelet-endothelium interactions and cell migration.

fig to added noragon 31 may 2011

The strong effect of sphingosine-1-phosphate on migration of HUVEC in vitro has been documented (Okamoto et al. 2000) and this effect was receptor-mediated. The group of Lee et al more precisely documented the mechanism of S1P-regulated cell motility. This process happens due to S1P-induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of p125FAK mediated by Gi protein coupled S1P1 receptor. Additionally, endothelial cell migration requires increases in [Ca+²]i level, which is an important downstream signal of PLC (Lee et al. 2000). One of the earliest changes in cell signalling by sphingosine-1-phosphate is an increase in intracellular Ca++ concentration (Sato et al. 1999, Spiegel and Milstien, 2000). It induces phospholipase C (PLC) activation and Ca2+ -mobilization from many types of cells. Sphingosine-1-phosphate together with lysophosphatidic acid mediates wound healing processes. However, under certain conditions S1P can exert thrombo- and atherogenic properties, and the beneficial or pathological action of S1P seems to be dependent on the coupling to their receptors activating different signal transduction pathways.


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